The definition of osteoporosis according to Dorland medical dictionary 29th edition of the reduction in bone mass; cause fracture after minimal trauma. This is in line with previously expressed notion that osteoporosis is a condition that occurs when the body is losing bone faster than new bone formation.

Pathophysiology of osteoporosis occurs in which low bone mass and microarchitectural bone tissue damage occurs, leading to bone fragility and increased fracture risk. This result can be derived from genetic and environmental factors that influence bone mass and bone quality. As for understanding the pathogenesis of osteoporosis begins with knowing how bone formation and remodeling occurs.

The risk of osteoporosis is higher if advanced age, family history of osteoporosis, menopause, fracture history, parents have a history of hip fractures, amenorrhea, anorexia nervosa, inactive lifestyles, diets low in calcium or vitamin D, low testosterone (hypogonadism), smoking, drinking too much alcohol, taking certain medications (including some anti-seizure medications, thyroid hormone in large doses, or steroids), and so on. Certain hormonal conditions may also affect disease osteoporosis.

Hormones Important Role In Disease Osteoporosis

Too much or too little of certain hormones in the body may contribute to osteoporosis. Especially for women during and after menopause, the ovaries make a lot less of the hormone estrogen. Estrogen loss can also occur with the surgical removal of ovaries or because of excessive dieting and exercise. Whereas estrogen helps protect bones. Men produce less testosterone (and estrogen are produced in small quantities in men) as they age. The decrease of these hormones can also cause bone loss that can lead to osteoporosis.

Other hormone imbalances that may increase the risk of osteoporosis include an overactive thyroid gland, diabetes, and hyperprolactinemia, in which the pituitary gland produces too much hormone prolactin.

Eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa, increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Bone loss occurs in part because of malnutrition, and in women, partly because the ovaries stop functioning normally, producing less estrogen.